Albacares

Albacares is the species epithet used in the binomial name Thunnus albacares, the yellowfin tuna. This large, highly valued pelagic fish belongs to the family Scombridae and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical oceans. It is known for its speed, endurance, and distinctive bright yellow dorsal and tail fins.

Taxonomy: Kingdom Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Class Actinopterygii; Order Scombriformes (formerly Perciformes); Family Scombridae; Genus Thunnus; species albacares.

Description and biology: The yellowfin tuna has a streamlined, fusiform body with a metallic blue dorsal surface and a silvery belly, accented by bright yellow fins. It is a large species, commonly reaching lengths of one to two meters, with reported maximum sizes around two meters and weights over two hundred kilograms. The species is endothermic to a degree, enabling sustained fast swimming. It feeds on smaller fishes, squid, and crustaceans. Spawning occurs in warm surface waters, with eggs released into the water column and larvae developing in the open ocean. Growth rates are relatively rapid for large tunas, and maturity occurs within a few years.

Distribution and habitat: Yellowfin tuna inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide, often forming schools near the surface or at midwater depths. They undertake long migrations, following productive temperature fronts, currents, and seasonal changes in food availability.

Fisheries and conservation: Thunnus albacares is a major target for commercial fisheries using longlines, purse seines, and pole-and-line methods, and it can be bycaught in other fisheries. Management is coordinated by regional organizations (such as ICCAT, IOTC, and WCPFC) through catch limits, gear restrictions, and monitoring programs. Stock status varies by region and is subject to ongoing assessment and adjustment.