Aivoverenvuodosta

Aivoverenvuodosta is the Finnish term for cerebral hemorrhage, a form of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain or in its surrounding spaces. It is distinct from ischemic stroke, which results from a blocked blood vessel. Cerebral hemorrhage can be classified mainly as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), bleeding directly into brain tissue, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), bleeding into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain.

Causes include chronic hypertension, rupture of intracranial aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations, head trauma, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly. Coagulopathy or use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, liver disease, and certain genetic conditions can also contribute. Other risk factors include alcohol abuse, smoking, and heavy physical exertion.

Symptoms typically begin suddenly and may include a severe headache, vomiting, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, trouble speaking or understanding speech, dizziness or loss of balance, confusion, and sometimes loss of consciousness. The presentation depends on the hemorrhage’s location and size.

Diagnosis relies on acute imaging, with computed tomography (CT) scan preferred to detect bleeding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help identify underlying causes. CT or MR angiography may be used to search for vascular lesions. Lumbar puncture can aid in suspected SAH when imaging is inconclusive.

Treatment focuses on emergency stabilization, blood pressure management, and reversal of anticoagulation if present. Neurosurgical options may include evacuation of a hematoma or clipping/coiling of an aneurysm. Supportive care in an intensive care unit is common, as are measures to prevent complications. Prognosis varies widely depending on bleed size, location, and patient health.