Agrotis

Agrotis is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae, order Lepidoptera. The moths are commonly referred to as dart moths, and many of their larvae are known as cutworms. The genus comprises numerous species distributed worldwide, with a strong presence in temperate regions. The group is placed in the subfamily Noctuinae.

Adults are medium-sized nocturnal moths with muted brown or gray forewings and dull hindwings, often with subtle variegation. Wingspans typically range from about three to five centimeters. The larvae are smooth caterpillars, usually green to brown, with a rounded head; many species feed on the stems or roots of a wide variety of herbaceous plants, sometimes cutting seedlings at or near the soil surface.

Life cycle and ecology: Eggs are laid on or near host plants. Larvae feed for several weeks before descending to the soil to pupate. In temperate regions, several generations may occur per year, whereas cooler climates may support only one or two. Pupation occurs in the soil or litter, and adults emerge to repeat the cycle.

Economic importance and notable species: Several Agrotis species are agricultural pests. The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is a widespread pest of cereals, vegetables, and turf. Agrotis segetum, the turnip moth, is significant in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Other species can damage crops by feeding on seedlings, roots, or low-stem portions of plants.

Management: Integrated pest management is commonly employed, combining cultural practices (crop rotation, tillage, timely planting) with monitoring using pheromone traps and biological controls such as Bacillus thuringiensis, entomopathogenic nematodes, and fungi. Chemical pesticides are used where needed but face resistance and non-target concerns.