APOE2

APOE2 is a genetic variant of the apolipoprotein E gene. The apolipoprotein E protein plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and transport throughout the body, including the brain. It is involved in the breakdown of fats and cholesterol and in the repair of cellular membranes. The APOE gene has three common alleles: APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4. APOE2 is one of these three main variants.

Individuals inherit two copies of the APOE gene, one from each parent. This means they can have various combinations of these alleles, such as APOE2/APOE2, APOE2/APOE3, APOE2/APOE4, and so on. The APOE2 allele is associated with a reduced risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that individuals with at least one copy of the APOE2 allele tend to have a lower likelihood of experiencing cognitive decline and dementia compared to those with other APOE genotypes, particularly APOE4.

While APOE2 is generally considered protective against Alzheimer's, its precise mechanisms of action are still being researched. It is thought to influence cholesterol transport and potentially have anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective effects. However, having the APOE2 allele does not guarantee immunity from Alzheimer's disease, and other genetic and environmental factors also contribute to an individual's risk.