3DInformationen

3DInformationen refers to data that describes the three-dimensional properties of objects and scenes. It includes geometric shape, texture, color, material properties, and spatial relationships, as well as higher-level semantics. 3DInformationen can be used to visualize, analyze, or simulate real-world environments and manufactured systems.

Common representations are polygonal meshes (typically triangles or quads), point clouds, voxel grids, and parametric surfaces. Textures and materials are often attached to geometry via UV maps and material definitions. Many workflows combine multiple representations, for example a dense mesh with texture coordinates and a sparse point cloud for referential data.

File formats depend on the application. Geometry-focused formats include OBJ, STL, and PLY; scene and animation formats such as FBX and GLTF/GLB; CAD-oriented formats such as STEP and IGES; and geospatial formats like CityGML and LAS/LAZ for point clouds. For web and interoperability, GLTF 2.0 has become widespread.

3DInformationen is acquired via 3D scanning (LiDAR, structured light), photogrammetry from multiple photographs, or direct CAD modeling. Medical imaging (CT, MRI) also yields volumetric 3D information. Processing steps include alignment, reconstruction, mesh generation, texture mapping, and simplification.

Usage spans computer graphics, virtual reality and augmented reality, gaming, architecture and urban planning, manufacturing and product design, robotics, geospatial analysis, medical visualization, and cultural heritage documentation.

Quality and interoperability rely on accurate georeferencing, unit consistency, and metadata. Challenges include large data volumes, noise, holes in scans, and differing coordinate systems. Standards from ISO, OGC, and industry groups support data exchange, while formats like GLTF prioritize interoperable web use.