19181922

19181922 refers to the period from the end of World War I in 1918 through the early 1920s, a time of profound political upheaval, territorial realignments, and efforts to establish a new international order. The armistice of November 11, 1918, ended hostilities on the Western Front and precipitated the collapse of several empires, including the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires.

In Europe, borders were redrawn and new states emerged. Poland, Finland, and the Baltic republics asserted independence, while Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) formed as multiethnic states. The treaties of Versailles (1919) and related agreements (Saint-Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, Sèvres) fragmented former empires and laid out new territorial arrangements and reparations, though border disputes and nationalist tensions persisted.

The Russian Civil War continued until the early 1920s, culminating in the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. Elsewhere, the League of Nations was established in 1920 as an international forum intended to prevent future conflicts, though its effectiveness would be tested in ensuing years.

Domestic upheaval accompanied international change. The influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 caused widespread loss, while various nations grappled with economic disruption, social unrest, and nationalist movements. In Ireland, the War of Independence (1919–1921) led to a partitioned settlement. The period from 1918 to 1922 thus represents a transitional phase in which old empires dissolved, new states formed, and a tentative postwar order began to take shape.