123Trichlorobenzene

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, commonly referred to as 123-trichlorobenzene, is an aromatic organochlorine compound with the formula C6H3Cl3. It is one of the three isomeric trichlorobenzenes, distinguished from the 1,2,4- and 1,3,4- isomers by the positions of the chlorine substituents on the benzene ring.

Physical properties include a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature with a characteristic odor. It is immiscible with water and soluble in many organic solvents such as chlorinated solvents, ethers, and aromatics. It has a relatively high boiling point, typically in the range of about 180 to 190 °C, and a density around 1.4 g/cm3.

Production and occurrence arise primarily through chlorination of benzene or of lower chlorobenzenes under controlled conditions. This process often yields a mixture of isomers, which can be separated by distillation or other purification methods to obtain the desired 1,2,3-isomer. The exact isomer distribution depends on factors like temperature, chlorine activity, and catalysts used during chlorination.

Uses and applications include its use as a solvent for chemical reactions and as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals. It may also be employed as a heat transfer fluid in some high-temperature applications due to its thermal stability.

Safety and handling: 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is hazardous. Exposure by inhalation or skin contact can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and may lead to more serious health effects with prolonged or high-level exposure. It is persistent in the environment and can bioaccumulate. Proper engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and adherence to local regulations for storage, handling, and disposal are advised.