üleriiklikud

Üleriiklikud refers to supranational political units or arrangements that exercise authority across multiple sovereign states, beyond purely intergovernmental coordination. These arrangements are characterized by centralized institutions, binding norms, and the ability to adopt policies that member states implement domestically.

Etymology and usage: The term is used in Estonian political science to discuss regional and global governance. It is built from üle meaning over or above and riiklik- relating to the state, with the plural suffix -ud. The concept emphasizes authority that transcends national borders rather than mere cooperation.

Scope and features: Common domains include trade regulation, security policy, environmental standards, and regulatory frameworks. Member states usually transfer some decision-making powers to a central body, with enforcement and dispute-resolution mechanisms, often via treaty courts or executive agencies.

Debates and examples: Scholarly debate centers on legitimacy, accountability, and sovereignty costs. Proponents argue üleriiklikud enable credible policy responses and cross-border efficiency, while critics warn of democratic deficits and erosion of local autonomy. The European Union is frequently discussed as a prominent real-world analogue, alongside discussions of other regional unions and potential future forms of global governance.

See also: supranationalism, regional integration, sovereignty, international organizations.

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