öldrun

Öldrun, the Icelandic term for aging, refers to the gradual biological, psychological, and social changes that accompany growing older. While aging is universal, its manifestations vary widely among individuals and populations. In humans, aging is associated with longer life expectancy but also with increased vulnerability to disease and functional decline.

Biological aspects of aging include changes at the cellular and organ level such as slower cell renewal, accumulated DNA damage, impaired protein homeostasis, mitochondrial changes, and chronic low-grade inflammation sometimes described as inflammaging. Genetic predisposition interacts with lifestyle factors such as physical activity, diet, smoking, and stress to shape how rapidly aging occurs and how it affects health.

Health and functioning: Age increases the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and musculoskeletal problems, as well as sensory and cognitive changes. However, many people age healthily and maintain independence and quality of life through activity, nutrition, social engagement, and preventive healthcare.

Societal aspects: Population aging affects healthcare systems, pensions, and workforce dynamics. Societies are increasingly focused on promoting healthy aging, enabling older people to stay active, connected, and supported.

Research and interventions: Aging research spans biology, medicine, and public health. Interventions emphasize preventive measures like regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and management of chronic conditions. Emerging therapies, including senolytic drugs and other anti-aging strategies, are under study, but no definitive cure exists.