ózonréteget

The ozone layer, or ózonréteg in Hungarian, is a region of Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) relative to other parts of the atmosphere. This layer plays a crucial role in protecting life on Earth by absorbing most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Specifically, it absorbs about 97-99% of the UV-B and UV-C radiation, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine ecosystems.

Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. It is continuously created and destroyed in the stratosphere. The primary process of ozone creation involves the interaction of ultraviolet radiation with oxygen molecules (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms. These atoms then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. The destruction of ozone occurs when it absorbs UV radiation, breaking it back down into an oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom.

The ozone layer is not a uniform shield; its thickness varies with latitude, season, and atmospheric conditions. Historically, the ozone layer has been thinned by the release of certain human-made chemicals, particularly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons, which were used in refrigerants, aerosols, and fire extinguishers. These chemicals release chlorine and bromine atoms in the stratosphere, which catalytically destroy ozone molecules. International agreements, such as the Montreal Protocol, have been instrumental in phasing out these ozone-depleting substances, leading to a gradual recovery of the ozone layer. Scientists continue to monitor its condition and the impact of various atmospheric phenomena on its thickness and effectiveness.