extinguishers

A fire extinguisher is a portable device designed to control and suppress small fires, providing a first line of defense until evacuation or professional help can arrive. It consists of a pressurized cylinder containing an extinguishing agent, a discharge nozzle or hose, a handle and a valve. Extinguishers are intended for initial response to a fire, not for confronting large or spreading flames.

Classes and types: Extinguishing agents are selected based on fire type. Water extinguishers are suited to ordinary combustibles (Class A). Foam extinguishers handle Class A and B fires. Dry chemical powder extinguishers (ABC or BC) cover A, B, and C classes. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are effective for electrical fires (Class C) and small B or A fires but may cause damage to sensitive equipment or surroundings. Wet chemical extinguishers are designed for kitchen fires (Class K in some classifications). Some extinguishers are multi-class, such as ABC or BC, to cover several fire types with a single unit.

Ratings and selection: Extinguishers carry class ratings indicating the fire types they can combat, and a size or number rating (for example, 2A-10BC) reflecting capacity. Higher ratings indicate greater potential extinguishment. Selection considers the most likely fire hazards, available space, and user training.

Operation and safety: To use, remember PASS: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep from side to side. Use only on small, contained fires and evacuate if the fire grows. Do not use water on electrical fires or burning liquids where prohibited by the extinguisher’s design.

Maintenance and regulatory guidance: Extinguishers require regular inspections, proper tagging, and prompt recharging after use. Professional servicing is typically annual, with periodic hydrostatic testing at intervals defined by standards and local codes. Proper placement, visibility, and user training are essential for effective use.