înrudire

Înrudire is the state or condition of being related by blood. In Romanian language and law, it denotes kinship relationships tracing to common ancestors. It covers both direct line relationships (ascendants and descendants) and collateral relationships (siblings, cousins, and other relatives). In some contexts, relationships formed through marriage are also discussed under the broader notion of kinship, but legally they are often treated as affinity rather than blood kin, depending on the domain.

The degree of înrudire is defined by generations separating relatives from a common ancestor. These degrees are used in civil and administrative contexts to determine rights, duties, and restrictions, such as marriage prohibitions within certain degrees, inheritance rights, and eligibility for certain family benefits. The exact rules vary by jurisdiction and over time; in Romanian civil law, as in many European systems, lineal (direct) and collateral kinship are distinguished.

Kinship is established through civil records, such as birth, marriage, and death certificates, and is often supplemented by genealogical research. In modern contexts, DNA analysis can aid determination of kinship in contentious cases, though legal recognition requires appropriate admissibility under the relevant law.

Înrudire is a foundational concept in genealogy, anthropology, and law, shaping personal identity, social structure, and legal duties.