électroencéphalogramme

An electroencephalogram, commonly abbreviated as EEG, is a non-invasive medical test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. This activity is generated by the synchronous firing of neurons within the brain. EEGs are typically performed using electrodes placed on the scalp, although depth electrodes can also be used for more detailed recordings.

The primary purpose of an EEG is to diagnose and monitor various neurological conditions, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. It can also be used to assess brain function in patients with conditions such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumors. EEGs are particularly useful for detecting abnormal patterns of brain activity, such as seizures or abnormal rhythms, which can help in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.

EEGs are relatively simple to perform and are generally considered safe, with minimal risks to the patient. However, they may cause discomfort or irritation at the electrode sites, and some patients may experience mild side effects such as headaches or dizziness. The test itself is painless and does not require any anesthesia.

Interpreting an EEG involves analyzing the recorded brain waves, which are categorized into different frequency bands. These bands include delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-30 Hz), and gamma (>30 Hz). Abnormalities in these bands can indicate various neurological conditions, and the presence of specific patterns, such as spikes or sharp waves, can help in diagnosing conditions like epilepsy.

EEGs are a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of neurological disorders. They provide a non-invasive way to assess brain function and can help in the development of treatment plans. However, they should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of neurological conditions.