çömlek

Çömlek is a Turkish term that denotes pottery and clay vessels, as well as the craft of shaping clay into functional and decorative objects. It covers a range of wares from everyday storage jars to ornamental pieces, made by hand or on a potter’s wheel.

Pottery is produced from natural clays that are sometimes tempered to improve plasticity and firing characteristics. Forming methods include hand-building (coiling or slabs) and wheel throwing. After shaping, vessels are dried, fired in a kiln to harden, and may be glazed or left unglazed. Depending on firing temperature and glaze, çömlek pieces fall into categories such as earthenware, terracotta, or stoneware.

The Anatolian region has a long pottery tradition dating back to ancient civilizations, including Neolithic communities and the Hittites. Today, çömlek remains an active craft in Turkey, with famous centers such as Avanos in Cappadocia, where red clay from the nearby river is used and traditional techniques are preserved alongside contemporary studios.

Common uses range from practical kitchenware—storage jars, cooking pots, and serving vessels—to decorative items and souvenirs. A well-known Turkish clay cooking vessel is güveç, used for slow-cooked stews and casseroles. Modern çömlek products often blend traditional forms with contemporary designs and are produced for local markets and international craft fair audiences.