Þjóðréttur

Þjóðréttur, often translated as public international law, is the body of rules, principles, and norms that govern the relations between sovereign states and other international actors. It is distinct from domestic law, which applies within a single country. Key sources of þjóðréttur include treaties, customary international law, general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, and judicial decisions and teachings of publicists as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.

The primary purpose of þjóðréttur is to promote peace, security, and cooperation among states. It addresses a wide range of issues, including the use of force, diplomatic relations, international trade, human rights, environmental protection, and the law of the sea. International organizations, such as the United Nations, play a significant role in developing, interpreting, and enforcing þjóðréttur.

Enforcement of þjóðréttur can be complex, as there is no single global authority with compulsory jurisdiction over all states. Enforcement mechanisms include diplomatic pressure, sanctions, international courts (like the International Court of Justice), and the collective action of states. While challenges in enforcement exist, þjóðréttur remains a crucial framework for managing global affairs and fostering a more ordered international community. Its principles guide state behavior and provide a common language for addressing shared challenges.