Ümberkirjutus

Ümberkirjutus is the process of creating a new version of a text by restating its content. It aims to preserve the core meaning while altering language, tone, or structure to suit a different audience or context. The word combines ümber- meaning again or anew with kirjutus (writing).

Typical purposes include improving clarity, adjusting style, correcting errors, or making material accessible to readers with different linguistic or cultural backgrounds. Ümberkirjutus can take several forms, such as paraphrase (rewording in the same language), stylistic revision (altering sentence length, diction, and rhythm), or audience adaptation (localization of references and examples). It is distinct from translation, which changes the language.

Process and methods: identify central ideas; outline the argument or information; reconstruct sentences and paragraphs in fresh wording; check for coherence, logical flow, and tone; verify factual accuracy; and, when applicable, preserve citations and attribution to original sources to avoid plagiarism.

Ethical considerations: paraphrase should accurately reflect the original meaning; excessive rewriting that changes meaning or misleads should be avoided. When sources are used, attribution is important; accuracy and transparency are essential.

Relation to other concepts: ümberkirjutus overlaps with editing, revision, and localization. In education and publishing, it is used to tailor texts for readers, improve readability, and meet stylistic or regulatory requirements.