Überhitzungsschlag

Überhitzungsschlag, also known as heatstroke, is a severe and life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when the body's temperature regulation system fails. This failure leads to a rapid and dangerous increase in core body temperature, often exceeding 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius).

The primary cause of überhitzungsschlag is prolonged exposure to high temperatures and humidity, especially when combined with strenuous physical activity. Dehydration significantly increases the risk. Certain individuals are more susceptible, including infants, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses, and those taking specific medications that affect hydration or thermoregulation.

Symptoms of überhitzungsschlag can develop rapidly and include a high body temperature, hot and dry skin (though it may be moist in exertional heatstroke), a rapid pulse, throbbing headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Unlike milder heat exhaustion, the skin in classic heatstroke is often dry because the body's sweating mechanism has ceased to function.

Immediate medical attention is crucial. While waiting for professional help, the person should be moved to a cooler environment, their clothing removed, and their body cooled using any available means, such as cool water immersion, sponging with cool water, or fanning. It is important not to give fluids to an unconscious person. Überhitzungsschlag can lead to serious complications affecting the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles, and can be fatal if not treated promptly.