Überdies

Überdies is a German adverb meaning besides, moreover, or in addition. It functions as a conjunctive element that introduces an additional statement that reinforces or supplements what has already been said. The word is formed from über (“over”/“above”) and dies (“this”), literally “over this,” and it appears as a single, lowercase word in modern usage.

Usage and register: Überdies is typically found in formal, historical, or literary prose and is considered somewhat archaic or elevated in contemporary everyday German. In current writing, it is often replaced by words such as außerdem, zudem, or darüber hinaus, depending on tone. Its placement is akin to other discourse adverbs, commonly following a semicolon or preceding the clause it introduces.

Pronunciation: approximately [ˈyːbɐˌdiːs].

Examples:

- Er war müde; überdies hatte er keine Ruhe gefunden. (He was tired; moreover, he had found no rest.)

- Die Kosten steigen; überdies verzögert sich die Lieferung. (Costs are rising; moreover, the delivery is delayed.)

See also: außerdem, zudem, darüber hinaus, des Weiteren. Although still understood and available, überdies sees its strongest use in historic or stylistically formal contexts, functioning as a marker of successive points in argumentation or narration.