Øjenvippe

Øjenvippe (Danish for eyelashes) are short hairs that grow at the edge of the eyelids. They protect the eye from dust, debris, and excessive light, and help regulate the tear film by aiding blinking.

Anatomy and variation: Eyelashes arise from follicles in the eyelid skin. Each follicle is associated with oil-secreting glands that lubricate the lash. There are typically more lashes on the upper eyelid than on the lower, and their orientation and curl help direct airflow and particles away from the eye. Density, length, and curl vary widely among individuals and populations.

Growth and cycle: Eyelashes grow in cycles consisting of anagen (growth), catagen (regression), and telogen (rest). The cycle lasts weeks to months, and individual lashes are shed and replaced over time. Growth is generally slower and lashes are shorter than many other body hairs.

Function: The primary role of the øjenvippe is protective—reducing intrusion of dust and small particles and aiding distribution of the tear film during blinking to keep the eye moist and comfortable.

Care and disorders: Common issues include blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margin) and trichiasis (misdirected lashes that irritate the eye). Lash loss can occur with aging, disease, or malnutrition, and Demodex mites can inhabit lash follicles. Maintaining lid hygiene, removing makeup gently, and avoiding harsh products can reduce irritation and damage.

Cosmetics and medical treatments: Eyelashes are commonly enhanced with mascara, false lashes, extensions, and lash lifts. Some medical treatments aim to promote growth, such as prostaglandin analogs, but these can have side effects and should be used under medical supervision.