Eyelashes

Eyelashes are short, curved hairs that line the edge of the eyelids. They occur on the upper and lower eyelids, with the upper lid typically bearing more lashes. Each lash grows from a hair follicle within the eyelid skin and is surrounded by sebaceous glands (glands of Zeis) and sweat glands (glands of Moll) that help keep the area lubricated. The hairs act as a physical barrier, helping to trap dust and moisture and guiding debris away from the eye.

The primary function of eyelashes is protective. They help trigger blinking when something touches the lashes, reducing the risk of foreign particles entering the eye. The lashes’ orientation and density also influence how light and air reach the eye, and their presence contributes to facial expression in some cultures.

Growth and turnover: Each eyelash grows in a cycle that includes anagen (growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (rest). Lashes are frequently shed and renewed over time, with cycles that are shorter and less synchronized than those of scalp hair. Hair loss or thinning of lashes can occur from infection, inflammation (blepharitis), nutritional deficiencies, or cosmetic practices such as lash extensions and certain adhesives. Good hygiene and gentle cosmetics use support lash health.