Öroninflammation

Öroninflammation, or öroninflammation, is the umbrella term for inflammation of ear structures. It most commonly refers to otitis externa (inflammation of the external ear canal) and otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear). Less frequently, it can involve the inner ear (labyrinthitis) or surrounding tissues.

Causes and risk factors vary by type. Otitis externa is often caused by bacterial infection after moisture exposure or skin injuries of the canal, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus being common pathogens. Otitis media typically follows upper respiratory infections and is driven by viral or bacterial irritation that leads to fluid buildup behind the eardrum. Allergies, eustachian tube dysfunction, and daycare attendance are additional risk factors, especially in children.

Symptoms commonly include ear pain, fullness or pressure, and hearing loss. Otitis externa may cause itching and discharge; otitis media often presents with fever, irritability in children, and a bulging or immobile eardrum on examination. Dizziness or vertigo may accompany inner-ear involvement.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination, particularly otoscopy to assess the ear canal and eardrum. Fluid in the middle ear, fever, and impaired eardrum mobility support otitis media; canal redness, swelling, and discharge support otitis externa.

Treatment is type-specific. Otitis externa typically uses topical antibiotics (with or without steroids) and ear care to keep the canal dry. Otitis media may require observation in mild cases or antibiotics such as amoxicillin in many patients. Preventive measures include keeping ears dry, avoiding inserting objects, and treating allergic rhinitis or upper respiratory infections promptly.

Complications are uncommon but can include tympanic membrane perforation, chronic otitis media, or mastoiditis when inadequately treated.