Ónæmisvandamál

Ónæmisvandamál is an Icelandic term that translates to "immune system problems" or "immunodeficiency." It refers to a condition where the immune system is weakened and unable to effectively protect the body from infections and diseases. This can manifest in various ways, from mild, recurrent infections to severe, life-threatening illnesses.

There are two main categories of immune system problems: primary and secondary. Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders, meaning they are present from birth and are caused by inherited defects in the immune system. These can range from rare genetic mutations to more common conditions like IgA deficiency. Secondary immunodeficiencies, on the other hand, are acquired later in life. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain medications (like chemotherapy or immunosuppressants), chronic illnesses (such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or cancer), malnutrition, or even stress.

Symptoms of immune system problems can vary widely depending on the underlying cause and severity. Common signs include frequent or recurrent infections, infections that are unusually severe or prolonged, slow healing of wounds, and autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Diagnosing immune system problems typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of blood tests to assess the function and components of the immune system. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent infections, and, in some cases, replace missing immune components or boost immune function.