Ónæmisstöðu

Ónæmisstöðu, also known as immune status, refers to the state of an individual's immune system. It describes how effectively the body can defend itself against pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as abnormal cells like cancer cells. A robust immune status implies a healthy and functioning immune system capable of mounting an appropriate response when challenged. Conversely, a compromised immune status, often referred to as immunodeficiency, means the immune system is weakened and less able to fight off infections or diseases.

Factors influencing immune status are diverse. These include genetics, age, nutrition, stress levels, lifestyle choices (such as exercise and sleep), and exposure to environmental factors. Certain medical conditions, like autoimmune diseases or chronic infections, can also significantly impact immune status. Furthermore, medical treatments, particularly chemotherapy and immunosuppressant drugs used in organ transplantation, are designed to suppress the immune system for therapeutic reasons, thereby altering an individual's immune status.

Assessing immune status can involve various methods. Blood tests can measure the number and function of different immune cells, such as lymphocytes and antibodies. Other assessments might look at the body's response to specific antigens or vaccinations. Maintaining a healthy immune status is crucial for overall well-being and preventing illness. This is generally achieved through a balanced diet, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, and avoiding harmful habits.