zorna

Zorna is an alternative spelling of zurna, a traditional double-reed wind instrument used in folk music across the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. The instrument is known for its loud, bright timbre and is typically used outdoors or in ensembles where it carries melody over percussion.

Construction and range: The zorna is usually made of wood, though metal variants exist. It has a double reed mouthpiece and a conical bore, with finger holes along the body and often a thumb hole at the back; some modern versions include keys to extend the range. The typical pitch is high, allowing the instrument to cut through accompanying drums and voices.

Playing style: Players produce sound by vibrating the double reed with their lips while covering and uncovering holes to yield scales and ornaments. It commonly plays sustained melodies, rapid figurations, and microtonal inflections in traditional tunes.

Regional context: The instrument is central to traditional celebrations, weddings, and festivals in countries such as Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Greece, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia. It is often paired with a large drum such as the davul.

Names and variants: Zorna is one of several names for this instrument; regional pronunciations vary. While closely related to the zurna, the exact construction, tuning, and repertoire may differ between communities.