zineb

Zineb is the zinc salt of ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid, a member of the dithiocarbamate class of fungicides. It has been used since the mid-20th century as a broad-spectrum fungicide and bactericide in agriculture, applied mainly as a protective spray on crops such as grapes, fruit trees, vegetables, and ornamentals.

Chemistry and formulations: Zineb is typically formulated as a wettable powder or other foliar spray formulations. It is relatively insoluble in water and tends to form a film on plant surfaces, providing residual protection against fungal pathogens.

Mode of action and use: Like other ethylenedisbuthio dithiocarbamates, the exact mechanism of action is complex and not fully understood, but the fungicidal effect is generally attributed to disruption of fungal growth processes. Zineb is used to control a range of fungal diseases and is often employed in rotation with or in combination with other fungicides to broaden disease management.

Toxicology and safety: Exposure to zineb can irritate the skin and eyes, and prolonged or high-level exposure may affect the nervous system. There is concern about occupational exposure due to potential release of carbon disulfide (CS2) from dithiocarbamate compounds under certain conditions. Zineb can be toxic to aquatic life, and environmental handling and application practices are designed to minimize runoff and residue in the environment. Regulatory controls vary by jurisdiction, and many regions require protective equipment and adherence to label directions and good agricultural practices.

See also: dithiocarbamates; related fungicides such as maneb, mancozeb, metiram, ziram, and thiram.