zebra

Zebra is the common name for three living species of African equids in the genus Equus. They are known for their distinctive black-and-white stripes, which are unique to each individual. Zebras are highly social, herbivorous grazers that inhabit savannas, grasslands, and some mountainous regions.

There are three extant species: plains zebra (Equus quagga), mountain zebra (Equus zebra), and Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi). Plains zebras are the most widespread; Grévy's zebra is the largest-bodied with narrow stripes and large ears; mountain zebra has a dewlap and a grid-like neck pattern. Each species occupies different habitats and has its own range within Africa.

Zebras live in cohesive herds, typically a stallion with several mares and foals, plus bachelor groups. They travel together in search of water and forage. Predators include lions, hyenas, wild dogs, and crocodiles near water. Stripe function is debated and may include camouflage, social signaling, thermoregulation, and deterrence of biting insects.

Reproduction: mares have a gestation of about 12–13 months and usually give birth to a single foal. Foals stand within minutes and begin grazing within days. In the wild, zebras commonly live about 20–25 years, with longer lifespans in captivity.

Conservation: plains zebras are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN; Grévy's zebra is Endangered; mountain zebra is Vulnerable. Habitat loss, hunting, and competition for water and forage threaten some populations, though others remain relatively stable in protected areas.