zavarivanja

Zavarivanje is the process of joining materials, typically metals or thermoplastics, by applying heat, pressure, or both to form a permanent bond. In welding, the base materials are frequently melted and fused, often with the addition of filler material, and then allowed to cool to produce a strong joint. Welding is distinguished from brazing and soldering by the fusion of the base metals.

Major welding methods are fusion welding and solid-state welding. Fusion welding uses heat to melt base metals, with or without filler metal: shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW/MIG), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW/TIG), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), laser, and electron beam welding. Oxy-fuel welding is another fusion method. Solid-state welding forms joints without melting, for example friction welding, friction stir welding, and ultrasonic welding.

Key considerations include joint design, material compatibility, filler material choice, shielding gas, heat input, and welding parameters. Quality is ensured by inspection and nondestructive testing, and many sectors follow codes and standards.

Applications span construction, automotive, shipbuilding, aerospace, and manufacturing, as well as repair work and artistic fabrication.

Safety: hazards include burns, electric shock, fumes, and UV radiation. Protective equipment and ventilation are essential, and training is required for many processes.