Zavarivanje

Zavarivanje is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in conjunction with heat or by itself to produce the weld. Zavarivanje is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.

There are many different methods of zavarivanje, each with its own applications. Some common types include arc zavarivanje, resistance zavarivanje, and gas zavarivanje. Arc zavarivanje uses an electric arc to create heat, which melts the metals to be joined. Shielded metal arc zavarivanje (SMAW), gas metal arc zavarivanje (GMAW), and gas tungsten arc zavarivanje (GTAW) are all forms of arc zavarivanje. Resistance zavarivanje uses the heat generated by electrical resistance to melt and join metals, commonly used in the automotive industry. Gas zavarivanje, such as oxy-acetylene zavarivanje, uses a flame produced by burning a fuel gas with oxygen to melt and join metals.

The zavarivanje process requires careful control of heat input, joint preparation, and filler material selection to ensure a strong and durable bond. Defects such as porosity, cracks, and incomplete fusion can compromise the integrity of the weld. Inspection and testing methods, including visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, and radiography, are employed to verify weld quality. Zavarivanje is a fundamental process in many industries, including construction, manufacturing, shipbuilding, and aerospace, enabling the creation of everything from bridges and buildings to automobiles and aircraft.