zaprawy

Zaprawy are mixtures used in different fields, most commonly in construction and agriculture. In construction, a zaprawa (mortar) is a binding mixture used to join bricks or stones and to render or plaster surfaces. It typically consists of a binder (cement, lime or gypsum), an aggregate (sand or crushed stone) and water, often with admixtures to modify workability, curing or durability.

Common types include cement mortars (cement with sand), lime mortars (lime binder with sand), and cement-lime mortars (a blend of cement and lime with sand). Typical proportions by volume are roughly: cement mortars about 1 part cement to 3–5 parts sand; lime mortars about 1 part binder to 3–6 parts sand; cement-lime mortars about 1:1:6. Workability, strength and curing depend on ratios, binder class and climate. Lime mortars are more breathable and flexible, making them suitable for historic buildings; cement mortars are stronger and set faster but can be less compatible with old substrates. Proper curing, moisture control and temperature management are important to prevent cracking and loss of adhesion.

Standards for masonry mortars exist at the European level (for example EN 998, covering masonry mortars and their properties), with national implementations providing specific class and testing requirements. The choice of zaprawa aims to match substrate, exposure and historic versus new construction needs.

In agriculture, zaprawa nasienna refers to seed dressing, a coating applied to seeds before sowing. These preparations may include fungicides, insecticides, micronutrients or beneficial microbes, often applied by seed-treatment equipment. Regulatory requirements govern approved products, labeling and safety.