ywieniu

Żywienie, often translated as nutrition or feeding, refers to the processes by which organisms obtain, digest, absorb, and utilize nutrients from the diet. In Polish usage, the term covers both the physiological mechanisms of nutrient use and the practical aspects of dietary practices. The form ywieniu appears as a grammatical case of the noun in Polish texts.

In humans, nutrition involves supplying the body with energy and building blocks for growth, maintenance, and function. Nutrients are categorized as macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) required in larger amounts, micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) needed in smaller amounts, and water. After digestion, nutrients are absorbed and metabolized to provide energy, support cellular processes, and sustain organ systems. Energy is commonly measured in calories or kilojoules.

Nutrition science studies how dietary patterns influence health, disease risk, and aging. Subfields include clinical nutrition, which guides disease-related diet management; community or public nutrition, which addresses populations; and nutrition epidemiology and policy, which inform guidelines and programs. Public health aims to promote balanced, safe, and culturally appropriate diets.

Malnutrition encompasses both undernutrition (insufficient intake or absorption) and overnutrition (excess intake leading to obesity and related conditions). Micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron or vitamin A, remain concerns in some regions, while high-calorie, nutrient-poor diets contribute to non-communicable diseases elsewhere.

Nutrition intersects with agriculture, economics, culture, and the environment. Current priorities include improving food security, promoting sustainable food systems, and ensuring access to nutritious diets for all communities. The concept of ywienie thus covers individual dietary choices and collective efforts to support health through diet.