yrsel

Yrsel is the Swedish term for dizziness, describing sensations such as spinning, unsteadiness, lightheadedness, or faintness. In clinical practice, yrsel is often categorized as vertigo (a spinning or moving sensation), presyncope (feeling about to faint), disequilibrium (imbalance), or non-specific lightheadedness. The term is widely used in medical literature and primary care in Swedish-speaking contexts.

Many conditions can cause yrsel, most commonly inner ear disorders (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, BPPV; vestibular neuritis; Ménière’s disease), cardiovascular problems (orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias), neurological issues (migraine, stroke or TIA), metabolic problems (anemia, hypoglycemia), and medications (antihypertensives, sedatives, certain antidepressants).

Evaluation begins with history and targeted examination. The Dix-Hallpike maneuver helps diagnose BPPV; the head impulse test assesses vestibulo-ocular reflex; orthostatic vital signs check for presyncope; neuro exam to identify focal signs. In uncertain cases, imaging (MRI/CT) and specialized tests may be used. Red flags include sudden severe headache, new focal weakness, slurred speech, chest pain, shortness of breath, or ataxia after trauma—requiring urgent evaluation.

Management targets the underlying cause. Acute safety measures are essential to prevent falls. BPPV is often treated with canalith repositioning maneuvers. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy can help chronic dizziness. Hydration, correction of anemia, adjustment of medications, and treating Ménière’s disease with salt modification and diuretics are common strategies. Some cases require multidisciplinary care (ENT, neurology, cardiology).

Many episodes resolve within days to weeks, while others become recurrent or chronic. The impact of yrsel on function varies; persistent dizziness may benefit from rehabilitation and psychosocial support.