woodrot

Wood rot is the decay of wood caused by fungal and, less commonly, bacterial activity. It reduces strength and structural integrity and can affect living trees, timber, furniture, and buildings. The decay process requires moisture; wood that remains wet or in contact with water is at elevated risk, with temperature and humidity further influencing growth.

Fungal rot is commonly categorized as brown rot, white rot, or soft rot. Brown rot fungi primarily break down cellulose, leaving behind a brown, crumbly wood with a cubical cracking pattern. White rot fungi degrade lignin and cellulose, often whitening and weakening the wood more evenly. Soft rot can occur at higher moisture levels and in conditions less favorable to other fungi, producing tunnels or cavities within the cell walls.

Signs of wood rot include discoloration, a musty odor, a crumbly or spongy texture, and visible fungal growth or fruiting bodies. In buildings, rot may manifest as cracks, sagging or warped framing, and increased susceptibility to further damage. Timbers that are damp for extended periods are particularly vulnerable.

Prevention and control focus on moisture management and timely removal of decayed material. Strategies include fixing leaks, improving drainage and ventilation, installing protective barriers or drainage systems, and using treated or naturally durable wood in susceptible locations. When rot is extensive, affected wood is typically removed and replaced, and structural assessment by a professional may be required. In trees, health management and avoiding wounding can reduce susceptibility to decay. See also wood decay and fungal diseases of wood.