woodpigeon

Woodpigeon, or Columba palumbus, is a large pigeon in the family Columbidae. Adults typically measure 32–37 cm in length with a wingspan of about 52–66 cm. They have a grey-brown upper body, paler underparts, a distinctive white patch on the neck, and white patches on the wings visible in flight. Juveniles lack these bright markings and acquire them after the first moult.

Distribution and habitat: The woodpigeon is widespread across Europe and into parts of western Asia, from Britain to the Urals. It favors woodlands, hedgerows, parks, and agricultural landscapes and is highly adaptable, often one of the most common pigeons in towns and countryside alike. Most populations are resident, though some northern birds migrate short distances in winter.

Behavior and ecology: Woodpigeons primarily feed on seeds, grains, and berries, supplementing their diet with buds and other plant material. They forage on the ground or at low levels and often form flocks outside the breeding season. They are strong fliers with a characteristic wing whirr. Nesting takes place in trees, typically in forks or dense branches; the clutch is usually two eggs. Both parents participate in incubation, which lasts about 17–19 days, and the young fledge after roughly 22–29 days, becoming independent gradually.

Vocalizations: The woodpigeon produces a low, resonant two-note cooing call, commonly described as a steady “coo-coo” or similar.

Status: The species is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and stable population.