widerspenstige

Widerspenstige is the feminine singular form of the German adjective widerspenstig, meaning someone or something that resists authority or norms with obstinacy or defiance. The term conveys a sense of stubborn resistance rather than mere disobedience and is often found in literary or formal contexts.

Etymology and form: The word is built from the prefix wider- “against” and an older stem related to stubbornness or resistance. Widerspenstig describes behavior, attitudes, or entities that push back against guidance, rules, or conventions. As an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies, for example: eine widerspenstige Schülerin (a stubborn female pupil). The related noun form Widerspenstigkeit denotes the quality of being stubborn.

Usage: Widerspenstige is more common in literary, historical, or elevated speech than in everyday colloquial German. It often characterizes characters who challenge authority, tradition, or social role expectations. In modern prose, it can carry a nuanced, sometimes ironic, tone depending on context. Synonyms include widersetzlich, eigenwillig, störrisch, while antonyms include fügsam, gehorsam.

Grammatical notes: The adjective can appear in attributive position (eine widerspenstige Haltung) or predicative position (Sie war widerspenstig). Its substantive form is rare but possible, for example in poetic or formal usage to refer to a person embodying stubbornness: eine Widerspenstige.

See also: Widerspenstigkeit, Widersetzlichkeit, widerspenstig (the base adjective). These terms share the theme of resistance to control and nonconformity in German linguistic usage.