whistlepig

Whistlepig is a common name for the groundhog, Marmota monax, a large rodent in the squirrel family (Sciuridae) native to North America. The term derives from the animal’s loud, whistling alarm call and its pig-like appearance, and it is often used interchangeably with “woodchuck.”

Description and range

Groundhogs measure about 16 to 26 inches in length, including the tail, and typically weigh 5 to 14 pounds. They have short limbs, strong claws for digging, and coarse brown fur with lighter underfur. They are widespread across much of eastern and central United States and Canada, preferring open areas near fields, meadows, and woodland edges where they can dig extensive burrow systems.

Ecology and behavior

Groundhogs are primarily terrestrial and mostly diurnal, with activity peaking during the day. They are proficient diggers and construct complex burrows that can include several entrances and chambers for feeding, sleeping, and rearing young. They hibernate for a large portion of winter in regions with cold climates. While solitary outside the breeding season, adults may share burrows or inhabit overlapping ranges.

Diet

Whistlepigs are mostly herbivorous, feeding on grasses, clover, dandelions, fruits, crops, and cultivated vegetables. They may occasionally consume insects or other animal material but plant matter dominates their diet.

Reproduction and life cycle

Breeding occurs in spring. After a gestation of about 30 to 32 days, a litter typically consists of 2 to 6 young. Kits are born blind and hairless and stay with the mother in the burrow for several weeks before emerging.

Conservation and human interactions

The groundhog is not considered globally endangered; it is listed as Least Concern by major organizations. Local populations can be affected by habitat loss, farming practices, and conflicts with humans over crops. Groundhogs feature in North American folklore and culture, notably in Groundhog Day traditions.