waterer

A waterer is a device or container designed to provide drinking water to animals, most commonly livestock and poultry, and is also used in horticulture to deliver water to plants in some systems. Waterers aim to supply clean water, minimize waste, and reduce contamination compared with open troughs or bowls.

Common types include gravity-fed troughs, which rely on a simple water supply and rely on a passive water level; float-valve automatic waterers, connected to a pressurized line and equipped with a valve that maintains a consistent level; nipple drinkers, which dispense water when an animal applies pressure to a small outlet and are popular for poultry and small ruminants; bell drinkers, where a bell-shaped unit fills a shallow tray as an animal drinks; and cup drinkers, small cups that refill as an animal taps them. Each type is selected for the specific species, environment, and management style.

Operation and maintenance focus on cleanliness and reliability. Water should be sourced from a clean supply and the waterer kept free of algae, sludge, and contamination. Regular cleaning, sanitizing, and inspection of seals, valves, and fittings help prevent disease and ensure steady water delivery. Materials commonly include plastic, stainless steel, or ceramic; durability and ease of cleaning are important considerations. In cold climates, freezing can halt supply or damage components, so insulation or heating may be required.

In practice, waterers are chosen to suit animal size, density, and housing conditions, balancing reliability, ease of use, and cost. Properly maintained waterers reduce water waste and support animal health by ensuring continuous access to uncontaminated drinking water.