wakizashi

The wakizashi is a traditional Japanese sword characterized by a blade length typically between 30 and 60 centimeters (about 12 to 24 inches). It is the shorter member of the daisho, the paired set worn by samurai, with the katana as the longer partner. The term wakizashi derives from waka meaning “side” and zashi meaning “blade,” reflecting its role as a side or companion blade carried at the side.

Construction and design follow the general principles of Japanese swords. The blade is single-edged and curved, usually formed in a similar cross-section to the katana (often shinogi-zukuri), with tempering and a visible hamon pattern. The nakago (tang) carries a mekugi-ana for securing the blade to the handle. Wakizashi mounting includes a tsuka (handle) shorter than that of a katana and a matching tsuba (guard), with a scabbard (saya) sized to fit the shorter blade.

Historically, the wakizashi emerged during the Muromachi period as a practical companion to the katana. It was used for close-quarters combat, indoors, and tasks where a longer blade was unwieldy. As part of the daisho, it signified samurai status and provided a secondary weapon for cutting or defense, as well as utility in daily tasks. In Japan, social and legal changes during the late 19th century curtailed the public display and carrying of swords; today, wakizashi are preserved as antiques and practiced with in martial arts settings such as iaido and various kenjutsu schools.

In modern times, ownership of swords is regulated in Japan, requiring proper registration for armed possession, while many wakizashi are collected, restored, or used with training blades in martial arts communities around the world.