nakago

Nakago (中古) is a Japanese term that literally means "middle ancient" or "middle old" and refers to the tang or butt end of a Japanese sword blade. This portion of the blade extends from the base of the cutting edge to the point where the blade meets the hilt components, including the tsuba (guard) and tsuka (handle).

The nakago is an essential structural element of traditional Japanese swords, serving as the foundation that connects the blade to the hilt assembly. It typically features specific characteristics that aid in the proper mounting and balance of the weapon. The width and shape of the nakago can vary depending on the sword type, with wider examples found in tachi and katana, and narrower versions in wakizashi and tanto.

One of the most distinctive features of the nakago is the presence of mekugi-ana, small holes drilled through the tang that allow for the insertion of bamboo pegs called mekugi. These pins secure the blade within the hilt and can be replaced if damaged, allowing for disassembly and maintenance of the weapon. The number and placement of these holes can vary, with most swords featuring one or two mekugi-ana.

Traditional nakago construction involves careful forging and shaping to ensure proper weight distribution and handling characteristics. The surface of the tang is often left unpolished and may show file marks or other manufacturing痕迹 from the swordsmith's work. Experienced sword scholars and collectors can sometimes identify the school or period of a blade by examining characteristics of the nakago, including its shape, texture, and construction methods.

In modern sword appreciation and study, the nakago remains an important area for examination, as it provides insights into traditional Japanese metallurgy, craftsmanship, and the functional design principles that made these weapons effective tools for their intended purposes.