antiques

Antiques are objects valued primarily for their age, historical interest, and craftsmanship rather than contemporary utility. While definitions vary by country, many sources treat an item as an antique when it is at least 100 years old, though some markets use shorter timeframes such as 50 or 75 years. Common antiques include furniture, paintings, ceramics, metalwork, scientific instruments, and books. Collectors seek provenance, design significance, and rarity.

The modern antique trade emerged in Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th centuries as connoisseurship grew and middle-class wealth expanded. Auctions, shops, and exhibitions helped establish standards for quality and attribution. Museums often purchased antiquities for study and display, while private collectors assembled inventories for prestige. The term "antique" continues to evolve as market tastes shift toward particular periods, regions, and craftsmanship.

Appraisal and authentication are central to antiques. Experts assess age, maker, materials, construction, condition, and provenance. Forgeries and misattributions are ongoing concerns, and buyers are advised to obtain written certifications and documented histories. Categories include furniture and decorative arts, paintings and prints, ceramics and glass, metalwork, jewelry, books and manuscripts, and toys or coins. Condition and documented history heavily influence value.

Market and preservation: The antiques market operates globally, with dealers, auction houses, and online platforms. Proper storage, climate control, and careful handling protect objects from damage. Legal issues include provenance, export controls, and repatriation debates. Museums and collectors often fund conservation, restoration, and insurance to maintain long-term access to historical objects while respecting cultural heritage and ethical collecting practices.