võrgukaartidega

Võrgukaartidega refers to network interface cards (NICs) in Estonian. A network interface card, also known as a network adapter or NIC, is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow a computer to connect to a computer network. It provides the physical interface and often the low-level control logic needed to communicate with a network medium, such as Ethernet cables or wireless signals.

These cards can be integrated directly onto the motherboard of a computer or installed as expansion cards. They come in various forms, including wired Ethernet cards and wireless Wi-Fi cards. Wired Ethernet cards typically use an RJ45 connector for plugging in an Ethernet cable, while wireless cards use antennas to transmit and receive radio waves.

The primary function of a võrgukaart is to translate data from the computer into a format that can be transmitted over the network and vice versa. This involves handling protocols, addressing, and error checking at a fundamental level. When a computer wants to send data, the NIC takes the data from the computer's memory, encapsulates it according to the network protocol (like Ethernet), and transmits it onto the network medium. Conversely, when data arrives from the network, the NIC receives it, checks for errors, and passes it to the computer's operating system.

Modern computers often have integrated network interfaces, making separate võrgukaart installations less common for everyday users. However, they remain essential components for networking functionality, whether built-in or external.