virtutem

Virtutem is a Latin noun, the accusative singular form of virtus. In classical usage, virtus carries a broad range of related ideas, including courage, manliness, excellence, and strength of character. As such, virtutem often renders the sense of a person displaying virtue or possessing noble qualities, or of virtue as an ongoing quality rather than a single act.

Etymology and development

Virtus derives from the root associated with vir, meaning man, and historically encompasses both physical and moral strength. In early and classical Latin, it often connotes bravery and effectiveness in action, as well as moral integrity. Over time, the term broadens in Christian and medieval thought to include a comprehensive set of virtuous traits, both natural and grace-enabled.

Classical to medieval usage

In classical authors such as Cicero and Livy, virtus is closely linked to public virtue: courage in battle, loyalty, and virtuous conduct of citizens. In medieval and especially Christian Latin, virtus becomes part of broader discussions of virtue, including theological virtues (such as faith, hope, and charity) and the cardinal virtues (prudence, justice, temperance, fortitude). The form virtutem appears in sentences that treat virtue as an attainable quality to be cultivated or as a standard by which conduct is measured.

Modern references

Today, virtutem is chiefly encountered in studies of Latin language and literature, religion, and philosophy. It serves as a window into how ancient and medieval cultures conceived moral excellence and personal character. In translation, virtutem is typically rendered as “virtue” or, depending on context, as “courage” or “valor.”