virtualities

Virtualities refers to multiple instantiations or modalities in which entities, processes, or experiences are virtual rather than actual. The term is used across philosophy, cultural theory, and information technology to describe potential states, simulations, and mediated experiences that do not exist physically but can influence perception, action, and social life.

Philosophical use emphasizes potentiality and relationality. In this sense, a virtual state is not merely not real but a real potential that can be actualized under certain conditions.

Technological dimension: In computing and media, virtualities describe environments, systems, and experiences produced by computing that imitate or exceed physical phenomena. This includes virtual machines, virtual environments, and immersive media such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). Digital twins and simulation platforms are practical manifestations of virtualities in engineering, urban planning, and medicine.

Applications include training simulations, design and prototyping, gaming, telepresence, remote work, and experimental art.

Impact and critique: The expansion of virtualities raises questions about ontology, authorship, and social equity. Critics warn that heavy reliance on simulated environments can obscure material conditions and lead to overreliance on technology for social interaction and decision-making.

See also: virtual reality, simulation, digital twin, virtualization.