vicugna

Vicugna is a genus of South American camelids in the family Camelidae. It contains two living species: the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) and the alpaca (Vicugna pacos). The vicuña is wild and lives in the high Andes, while the alpaca is domesticated and bred primarily for its fleece. The two species inhabit high-altitude grasslands and scrublands across Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, with alpacas kept in managed herds in these regions and elsewhere.

Physical characteristics and wool. Vicuñas are among the smallest camelids, with very fine wool that has long been valued for luxury textiles. Alpacas have dense fleece in a range of colors and are bred for fiber production. The wool of vicuñas is noted for fineness and strength, while alpaca fiber is valued for softness, warmth, and versatility.

Behavior and biology. Both species are herbivores, primarily grazing on grasses and low shrubs. They are social animals that form groups led by a dominant male. Camelids are induced ovulators; females typically have a gestation period of about 11 to 12 months and commonly give birth to a single offspring (cria). Weaning occurs after several months.

Conservation and use. Vicuñas historically faced poaching for their fine wool, but protected management and regulated fiber harvest programs have contributed to population recoveries. Alpacas are widespread in domesticated herds and are a major source of fiber, with additional roles in some regions as pack animals and, less commonly, for meat. Taxonomy places these species in the genus Vicugna within Camelidae.