vandalism

Vandalism is the deliberate destruction, defacement, or damage of property without the owner's permission. Common forms include graffiti, scratching or keying vehicles, breaking windows, and tampering with public infrastructure. Some legal definitions extend to arson or other acts of destruction when they are intentional and unlawful. Vandalism is typically treated as a criminal offense and may expose the offender to penalties, restitution, or civil liability for repair costs.

Motives for vandalism vary widely, including political statements, social protest, thrill-seeking, resentment, or simple opportunism. The boundary between vandalism and legitimate street art or protest is contested in many places, and judgments often depend on context, consent, and community norms rather than the act alone.

Consequences of vandalism include financial costs for property owners and public agencies, safety risks, and decreased perceived safety in affected areas. Rebuilding, cleaning, and increased policing can divert resources from other community needs. Vandalism can also affect property values and deter business investment if it recurs.

Preventive strategies emphasize rapid removal of graffiti, adequate illumination, surveillance, and design choices that deter tagging. Policies may combine deterrence with avenues for permitted expression, such as sanctioned murals, plus penalties, restitution, and education programs aimed at youth. Legal and civil responses remain topics of debate, reflecting tensions between property rights, public order, and freedom of expression.