valpartijen

Valpartijen, plural of valpartij, is a Dutch term used primarily in geology and winter sports to describe avalanches—the rapid downslope flow of snow. They occur when the snowpack becomes unstable due to factors such as heavy snowfall, warming, rain-on-snow events, or wind loading that creates slabs. Avalanches can be slab avalanches, in which a cohesive block of snow releases and slides as a unit, or loose-snow avalanches, which start at a point and fan out as they descend.

The risk depends on snow depth, the presence of weak layers within the snowpack, slope angle (most likely between about 30 and 45 degrees), terrain features, and exposure to wind. In practice, avalanche danger is assessed by forecast centers that issue daily bulletins with danger ratings and travel advisories. To reduce risk, professionals and trained recreational users employ planning methods, check forecasts, and carry rescue gear such as an avalanche transceiver, probe, and shovel. Optional safety measures include airbag backpacks and companions trained in avalanche rescue.

Valpartijen have a long history in mountainous regions, shaping safety practices, rescue services, and backcountry etiquette. In Dutch usage, valpartij is principally a technical term found in safety, meteorology, and sports contexts; the more general everyday term for the phenomenon is lawine.