utgöras

Utgöras is a Swedish verb form serving as the passive infinitive of the verb utgöra, which means to constitute, to comprise, or to form. It appears primarily in formal or literary contexts and is used to describe what something is made up of or what it represents. The active counterpart is utgöra and the finite present passive is utgörs.

The core meaning of utgöra is to constitute or comprise a component or part of a whole, to form the basis of, or to represent. In direct statements, the active form utgör can be used: Det utgör en viktig del av arbetet. In constructions with the passive, the form utgörs or the nonfinite utgöras can appear, especially in more formal or juridical language: Fördelningen utgörs av kvinnor och män; Behovet antas utgöras av flera faktorer (to be constituted by several factors). The nonfinite passive infinitive att utgöras is used within clauses where the action of being constituted is not the main verb.

Usage notes and related expressions: Utgöra is closely related to other verbs that express composition or definition, such as bestå av (to consist of) and innefatta (to include). In many practical contexts, especially statistics and reporting, utgörs av is a common phrasing for indicating the composition of a group or dataset. The form utgöra also appears in phrases that emphasize representation or significance, e.g., det utgörs av en minoritet.

Etymology: utgöra derives from ut- (out, forth) combined with göra (to do), forming a sense of forming outwardly or making up a whole. The term is older but remains standard in Swedish-language formal writing. See also utgöra, bestå av, innefatta.