utfärdades

Utfärdades is the past tense passive form of the Swedish verb utfärda, meaning to issue, publish, or promulgate an official document, order, regulation, license, or decree. The form indicates that a document or directive was issued by an authority in the past.

Etymology and meaning: The verb utfärda is built with the prefix ut- and a root associated with sending out or dispatching. In administrative language, it denotes the act of formal approval and dissemination of an instrument or decree. The term is common in legal and governmental contexts and often appears in historical records to describe how rules or directives were issued.

Usage: Utfärdades is typically found in formal records and legal texts. It describes events where an official instrument was created and circulated. Examples include phrases such as “En kungörelse utfärdades av regeringen” (A proclamation was issued by the government) or “Nya regler utfärdades av myndigheten.” In contemporary Swedish, the active form utfärdar is more common for ongoing or recent actions, while utfärdades is used for past events or in narrative historical writing.

Grammatical notes: The word belongs to the passive voice. The corresponding noun form is utfärdande, referring to the act of issuing or the issuance itself. The term remains relatively formal and is frequently found in government documents, legal archives, and historical analyses.