utfärdar

Utfärdar is the present tense, third-person singular form of the Swedish verb utfärda. It means to issue, publish, or grant something officially, such as documents, licenses, permits, decrees, or notices. The act is carried out by an authority or institution and constitutes formal authorization or recognition.

In official contexts, utfärda is used when a competent authority provides a document or decision with legal effect. Common examples include passports and driving licenses, residence permits, certificates, building permits, and administrative notices. Phrases such as "utfärdas av myndigheten" or "utfärdat av" are standard, and the timing, place, date, signature, and seal are typically recorded as part of the issuance.

Grammatically, utfärdar is transitive and takes a direct object (what is issued). The related noun forms include utfärdande (the issuance) and utfärdande myndighet (issuing authority). The passive form is utfärdas, as in "Beslutet utfärdas av kommunen" (The decision is issued by the municipality). The past participle is utfärdat or utfärdats, used in perfect constructions.

Usage notes: utfärda is mainly employed for formal, legally recognized acts and documents. It is less common for informal publishing or everyday printing; in those cases other verbs or expressions are used. The term is a standard tool in legal, administrative, and governmental language in Swedish.