urogynekkoloogia

Urogynecology, also known as female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, is a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female pelvic floor. These disorders can include urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and other conditions affecting the bladder, uterus, vagina, and rectum. Urogynecologists are physicians who have completed specialized training in this area.

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic organs. When these muscles and ligaments weaken or are damaged, pelvic floor disorders can occur. Factors that can contribute to pelvic floor dysfunction include pregnancy and childbirth, aging, obesity, chronic coughing or straining, and certain surgical procedures. Symptoms of pelvic floor disorders can significantly impact a woman's quality of life, affecting her physical, emotional, and social well-being.

Diagnosis in urogynecology typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and often urodynamic testing to assess bladder and bowel function. Imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI may also be used. Treatment options are varied and depend on the specific condition and its severity. They can range from conservative approaches like pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegels), lifestyle modifications, and medication, to more invasive options such as pessaries or surgical repair. Urogynecologists work with patients to develop individualized treatment plans to improve function and alleviate symptoms.