urinal

A urinal is a sanitary fixture designed for urination, typically installed in male public restrooms to allow standing use. Most are mounted on a wall and connected to a drainage system, and they differ from toilets in purpose and form.

Design variants include flush and waterless models, wall-mounted and floor-mounted configurations, and sensor-activated or manual flush mechanisms. Waterless urinals avoid a flush valve and instead use a sealed trap and a cartridge or liquid sealant to prevent sewer gas and control odors. Materials commonly used are ceramic porcelain and stainless steel, with finishes chosen for durability and ease of cleaning.

Installation and maintenance: Regular cleaning with appropriate disinfectants is essential. Waterless units require cartridge changes and seal maintenance to prevent odors. Proper drainage and venting are important to avoid backups and smells. Privacy is typically provided by partitions or screens between units.

Accessibility and standards: Public facilities often require at least one accessible urinal and appropriate clearances, mounting heights, and reach ranges in accordance with local building codes and accessibility guidelines. Compliance may vary by jurisdiction and facility type.

Environmental and historical notes: The modern flush urinal was developed in the 19th century, and since then designs have evolved toward water efficiency and sensor technology. Environmentally oriented options, such as waterless or low-flow systems, aim to reduce water use while maintaining hygiene and ease of maintenance.